Guidepost

Federal — all Canadian flights

Delayed or cancelled flight? Canada's APPR guarantees you up to $1,000.

The Air Passenger Protection Regulations give Canadian travellers the right to cash compensation when an airline delays or cancels your flight for reasons within their control. Check your eligibility free, then generate a formal claim letter for a flat fee — and keep 100% of what you're owed.

Keep your full compensation. Claim firms charge 25-50% of your award. On a $1,000 claim, that is up to $500 to the firm — for work you can do yourself with the right letter.

Eligibility checker

What happened on your flight?

Select the option that best describes your situation.

General information only — not legal advice.

Compensation table — within airline control

Delay at destinationLarge airlineSmall airline
3 – 6 hours$400$125
6 – 9 hours$700$250
9+ hours$1000$500

Verified against the CTA / APPR (SOR/2019-150). Applies when disruption is within airline control and not safety-related.

Key deadlines

1 yr

You have 1 year from your flight date to file a claim with the airline.

30 d

The airline must respond to your claim within 30 days.

CTA

If denied or no response after 30 days, escalate to the CTA.

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The three categories that determine your rights

Under the APPR, every flight disruption falls into one of three categories. The category — not the disruption itself — determines what you are owed. Airlines are required to tell you the reason in writing; if they don't, you can demand it.

1. Within the airline's control — not a safety reason

Full compensation

Examples: overbooking, crew scheduling problems not caused by extraordinary events, IT failures, routine maintenance issues.

You are entitled to: cash compensation (see table above) + care (food/drink, hotel if overnight) + rebooking or refund.

2. Within the airline's control — required for safety

No cash — care + rebook

Examples: mechanical defect found during pre-flight safety check, crew rest requirement discovered before departure.

You are entitled to: care (food/drink, hotel if overnight) + rebooking on next available flight or refund. No cash compensation.

Watch for abuse: “safety” is frequently cited to avoid paying compensation. If the defect was a known maintenance issue, it may actually be Category 1.

3. Outside the airline's control

Rebook only

Examples: severe weather, government restrictions, ATC closures, airport security incidents, third-party labour disputes.

You are entitled to: rebooking on the next available flight (including another airline's flight) or a refund. No cash compensation and limited care obligations.

Other rights under the APPR

Tarmac delays

After 1 hour on the tarmac, the airline must provide water, food, and working temperature control (HVAC). After 3 hours, the airline must offer passengers the option to deplane, unless the captain determines this is unsafe or would cause an undue additional delay. This applies regardless of disruption category.

Denied boarding (involuntary bumping)

If you are bumped involuntarily from a flight you have a confirmed booking for (due to overbooking), you are entitled to higher compensation than a standard delay:

Delay at final destinationLarge airlineSmall airline
Under 6 hours late$900$300
6 – 9 hours late$1800$600
9+ hours late$2400$800

Verify current figures at otc-cta.gc.ca — denied boarding rules are in APPR Division 5.

Lost or damaged baggage

For international flights (including transborder Canada-US flights), the Montreal Convention limits liability to approximately 1,288 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) -- roughly $2,300 CAD as of 2026. Confirm current SDR conversion with the airline or CTA. File a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport immediately after discovering damage or loss. Follow up in writing within 7 days (damage) or 21 days (total loss) to preserve your claim.

Care during delays (Category 1 and 2)

For disruptions within the airline's control (categories 1 and 2), after a 2-hour delay the airline must provide:

  • • Food and drink in reasonable quantities
  • • Access to a means of communication
  • • Hotel accommodation and transportation if an overnight stay is required

Keep all receipts if you incur out-of-pocket costs — you can claim reimbursement.

How to claim your compensation

1

Send a written claim to the airline

Write to the airline's customer relations or claims department. Cite the APPR (SOR/2019-150) specifically, state your exact flight details, the disruption, and the exact dollar amount you are claiming. Keep proof of sending (email read receipt or registered mail tracking).

2

Wait for the 30-day response window

The airline has 30 days to respond. They may pay, deny (with a written reason), or offer a lower amount. If they offer a voucher instead of cash, you can refuse — cash is your right.

3

Escalate to the CTA if denied or ignored

If the airline denies your claim or doesn't respond within 30 days, file a complaint with the Canadian Transportation Agency online. The CTA will investigate and can order the airline to pay. Filing is free.

Frequently asked questions

Does the APPR apply to international flights from Canada?
Yes. The APPR applies to flights that arrive at or depart from a Canadian airport. This includes flights to the US, Europe, and other international destinations, provided the disruption occurs on the Canadian leg or is under the operating carrier's control.
What if the airline says the delay was 'weather'?
Weather can be genuinely outside an airline's control, but it is also frequently misused. If your flight was delayed due to weather at your departure city, but other airlines operated normally, or the weather cleared and the airline still didn't fly, the reason may actually be within the airline's control. State your facts in your claim letter and let the CTA review if disputed.
Can the airline pay me in travel vouchers instead of cash?
No — if you are entitled to cash compensation under the APPR, you are entitled to cash (or an equivalent electronic payment). Vouchers must be at least as valuable as the cash amount AND you must be given the option to choose cash instead. You can refuse a voucher and demand cash.
What if my connecting flight was missed because of the delay?
If you missed a connection and arrived at your final destination 3+ hours late due to a disruption within the airline's control, compensation is calculated based on your delay at your final destination -- not just the delayed leg. The key is your total delay at the destination on your itinerary.

Official sources

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Guidepost is not a law firm. This is general information, not legal advice. Full disclaimer